Overview: Dental calculus, also known as tartar, is a hard, mineral deposit that forms on the surface of teeth. It’s a common problem in dogs and can lead to serious health issues if left untreated. This article will explore the best ways to remove calculus from your dog’s teeth, covering both professional and at-home methods. We’ll also discuss how to prevent calculus buildup and address potential concerns about DIY dental care.
Understanding Calculus and Its Effects
Calculus forms when plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on teeth, hardens over time. This hardening occurs due to the minerals in saliva and food combining with the plaque. While plaque is relatively easy to remove with brushing, calculus is much harder and requires professional intervention.
The Consequences of Calculus Buildup:
- Gum Disease (Periodontal Disease): Calculus buildup irritates the gums, causing inflammation known as gingivitis. Over time, this can progress to periodontal disease, a severe infection that destroys the tissues supporting the teeth.
- Tooth Loss: Advanced periodontal disease weakens the ligaments and bone that hold teeth in place, leading to tooth loss.
- Bad Breath (Halitosis): Calculus harbors bacteria that produce foul-smelling gases, resulting in bad breath.
- Organ Damage: Bacteria from infected gums can spread to other parts of the body, impacting the heart, kidneys, and liver.
The Importance of Professional Dental Cleanings
The most effective way to remove calculus is through a professional dental cleaning by a veterinarian. This procedure typically involves the following steps:
1. Anesthesia:
- Your dog will be placed under general anesthesia to ensure comfort and safety during the procedure.
2. Scaling and Polishing:
- A specialized instrument called a scaler is used to scrape away the calculus from the teeth.
- The teeth are then polished to remove any remaining plaque and rough surfaces where bacteria can easily attach.
3. Extractions (If Necessary):
- If teeth are severely damaged or infected, they may need to be extracted.
4. Fluoride Treatment (Optional):
- A fluoride treatment can help strengthen the enamel and protect against future decay.
Home Care for Dog Dental Health
While professional cleanings are essential, you can play an active role in maintaining your dog’s dental health between appointments.
1. Brushing:
- Brushing your dog’s teeth daily is the best way to prevent plaque buildup.
- Use a specially designed dog toothbrush and toothpaste, as human toothpaste can be toxic to dogs.
- Start by introducing the toothbrush slowly and making the experience positive with treats and praise.
2. Dental Chews and Toys:
- Dental chews and toys with textured surfaces can help to scrape away plaque.
- Choose products specifically designed for dental health and avoid hard bones that can damage teeth.
3. Diet:
- Feeding your dog a high-quality diet can help reduce plaque formation.
- Choose kibble over soft food, as chewing kibble can naturally clean teeth.
DIY Calculus Removal: Risks and Alternatives
While some online resources suggest DIY methods like scraping calculus with tools, these methods are not recommended.
- Risk of Injury: Using sharp or inappropriate tools can easily damage your dog’s gums and teeth.
- Incomplete Removal: At-home methods are unlikely to remove all the calculus, and the remaining tartar can continue to cause problems.
Safe Alternatives to DIY Calculus Removal:
- Dental Wipes: Dental wipes are designed for dogs and can help remove surface plaque and freshen breath.
- Water Additives: Water additives can help control plaque formation and reduce bad breath.
Conclusion
Dental calculus is a serious concern for dogs, and professional dental cleanings are crucial for maintaining their oral health. While you can implement home care measures like brushing and dental chews, DIY calculus removal is not recommended. Remember, the best approach is to schedule regular professional cleanings and follow your veterinarian’s advice for home care. By taking care of your dog’s teeth, you’re ensuring a happier and healthier life for your furry friend.
FAQs
Can I use a toothbrush and toothpaste designed for humans on my dog?
No, you should never use human toothpaste or a toothbrush on your dog. Human toothpaste contains fluoride, which is toxic to dogs. Additionally, human toothbrushes are often too hard and can damage your dog’s delicate gums.
Instead, you should use a toothpaste specifically formulated for dogs. This will have a safe flavor for your dog and will not contain harmful ingredients. You can find dog toothpaste at most pet stores.
What are some natural ways to remove calculus from my dog’s teeth?
There are a few natural remedies that you can try, but they are not as effective as professional dental cleanings. You can try brushing your dog’s teeth with a dog-specific toothpaste and toothbrush, or you can give them dental chews or toys that help to scrape plaque and tartar off their teeth.
However, these methods may not be effective in removing all of the calculus from your dog’s teeth. If your dog has a lot of calculus buildup, you will need to take them to the vet for a professional cleaning.
How can I tell if my dog needs a professional dental cleaning?
If you see any of the following signs, your dog may need a professional dental cleaning:
- Bad breath: This is a common sign of dental disease and can be caused by plaque and tartar buildup.
- Yellow or brown teeth: These colors are a sign of plaque and tartar buildup.
- Red or swollen gums: This can be a sign of gingivitis, an inflammation of the gums.
- Loose teeth: This can be a sign of periodontal disease, a serious infection that can affect the gums and bones that support the teeth.
Is it safe to remove calculus from my dog’s teeth at home?
It is not safe to attempt to remove calculus from your dog’s teeth at home. Calculus is a hard, mineralized deposit that can only be removed with specialized tools and techniques. Attempting to remove calculus at home could damage your dog’s teeth and gums.
If you notice any signs of dental disease in your dog, it is best to take them to the vet for a professional dental cleaning.
What are the risks of not removing calculus from my dog’s teeth?
If calculus is left untreated, it can lead to a number of serious problems, including:
- Gingivitis: This is an inflammation of the gums that can cause pain, bleeding, and bad breath.
- Periodontal disease: This is a serious infection that can affect the gums and bones that support the teeth. It can lead to tooth loss and even bone loss in the jaw.
- Heart disease: Studies have shown that dental disease can increase the risk of heart disease in dogs.
Can I prevent calculus buildup in my dog’s teeth?
Yes, you can take steps to prevent calculus buildup in your dog’s teeth. You can brush your dog’s teeth regularly with a dog-specific toothpaste and toothbrush, give them dental chews or toys, and feed them a diet that is low in carbohydrates and high in protein.
It is also important to take your dog to the vet for regular dental checkups. The vet can identify any signs of dental disease early on and recommend the appropriate treatment.
How often should I take my dog for a professional dental cleaning?
The frequency of professional dental cleanings for dogs depends on their individual needs. Some dogs may need a cleaning every year, while others may need them more frequently.
It is best to talk to your veterinarian about how often your dog should have a professional dental cleaning. They can assess your dog’s individual needs and make recommendations based on their age, breed, and overall health.