Psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune condition, manifests as inflamed, scaly patches on the skin. Managing this condition effectively requires understanding not only what treatments can help but also, crucially, what substances can worsen the symptoms. Putting the wrong things on psoriasis plaques can exacerbate inflammation, trigger flare-ups, and even lead to secondary infections. This detailed guide will explore the common irritants and ingredients to avoid, offering insights into soothing alternatives and best practices for psoriasis management.
Understanding Psoriasis and Its Triggers
Psoriasis arises from an accelerated skin cell turnover rate. Normally, skin cells mature and shed over a month. In psoriasis, this process happens in just a few days, leading to a build-up of cells on the skin’s surface. This build-up forms thick, scaly patches often accompanied by itching, burning, and discomfort. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role, but environmental factors, stress, and certain substances can trigger or worsen psoriasis flares.
Identifying triggers is a crucial part of managing psoriasis effectively.
Various types of psoriasis exist, including plaque psoriasis (the most common), guttate psoriasis, inverse psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, and erythrodermic psoriasis. Each type presents with different symptoms and may respond differently to various treatments.
The No-Go List: Substances to Avoid on Psoriasis
While everyone’s skin reacts differently, some substances are commonly known to irritate psoriasis and should be avoided.
Harsh Soaps and Detergents
Many commercial soaps and detergents contain harsh chemicals like sulfates (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate) that strip the skin of its natural oils. This can lead to dryness, irritation, and inflammation, making psoriasis symptoms worse.
Always opt for fragrance-free, gentle cleansers specifically formulated for sensitive skin.
Avoid soaps labeled as “antibacterial” as they often contain harsh ingredients that can irritate psoriasis. Look for products with moisturizing ingredients like glycerin or ceramides.
Fragrances and Perfumes
Fragrances, both natural and synthetic, are a common cause of skin irritation and allergic reactions. In psoriasis, fragrances can trigger inflammation and exacerbate itching.
Choose fragrance-free versions of all your skincare products, including lotions, shampoos, and cosmetics.
Even “natural” fragrances like essential oils can be irritating for some people with psoriasis. Patch-test new products on a small area of skin before applying them to larger areas affected by psoriasis.
Alcohol-Based Products
Alcohol is a drying agent that can further dehydrate the skin. Many toners, astringents, and hand sanitizers contain high levels of alcohol. Applying these products to psoriasis plaques can lead to increased dryness, cracking, and irritation.
Avoid using alcohol-based hand sanitizers directly on psoriasis plaques. If necessary, apply a moisturizer immediately after using hand sanitizer. Check the ingredient lists of skincare products to ensure they do not contain alcohol as a primary ingredient.
Certain Medications and Topical Treatments
Some topical medications and ingredients can worsen psoriasis symptoms, either through direct irritation or allergic reaction.
Salicylic Acid in High Concentrations
Salicylic acid is a common ingredient in over-the-counter acne treatments and some psoriasis products. While it can help to exfoliate and remove scales, high concentrations can be too harsh and irritating for sensitive skin.
Use salicylic acid products with caution and in low concentrations (less than 2%).
If you experience irritation, discontinue use immediately. Consult with a dermatologist to determine if salicylic acid is appropriate for your specific type of psoriasis.
Retinoids (in some cases)
Retinoids, derivatives of vitamin A, are used to treat acne and signs of aging. While some retinoids are prescribed for psoriasis, others can be too irritating, especially in the initial stages of treatment.
Always use retinoids as directed by a dermatologist. Start with a low concentration and gradually increase frequency as tolerated. Moisturize frequently to combat dryness and irritation. If irritation persists, contact your doctor.
Topical Antibiotics (unless prescribed for infection)
While some topical antibiotics are used to treat secondary infections in psoriasis, applying them unnecessarily can lead to antibiotic resistance and further irritation.
Only use topical antibiotics if specifically prescribed by a doctor for a confirmed infection. Overuse of antibiotics can disrupt the skin’s natural microbiome and worsen psoriasis.
Harsh Exfoliants and Scrubs
Physical exfoliants like scrubs with beads or harsh brushes can irritate and damage the skin barrier, leading to inflammation and flare-ups.
Avoid using harsh scrubs or exfoliants on psoriasis plaques. If exfoliation is necessary, opt for gentle chemical exfoliants like lactic acid in low concentrations, used sparingly.
Sunscreens with Irritating Ingredients
Sun protection is crucial for everyone, including those with psoriasis. However, some sunscreen ingredients can be irritating.
Choose mineral sunscreens containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, as they are generally less irritating than chemical sunscreens. Avoid sunscreens with fragrance, alcohol, or preservatives like parabens. Patch-test new sunscreens before applying them to larger areas.
Certain Fabrics and Dyes
Clothing can also play a role in psoriasis management. Certain fabrics and dyes can irritate the skin, leading to itching and flare-ups.
Opt for loose-fitting clothing made from natural, breathable fabrics like cotton or silk. Avoid synthetic fabrics like polyester and nylon, which can trap moisture and irritate the skin. Choose clothing dyed with natural dyes or undyed clothing to minimize the risk of irritation.
Specific Foods (for some individuals)
While not a topical application, it is important to note that certain foods can trigger psoriasis flares in some individuals.
Common food triggers include gluten, dairy, processed foods, and nightshade vegetables. Keep a food diary to identify potential triggers and discuss dietary modifications with a doctor or registered dietitian.
Soothing Alternatives and Best Practices
Knowing what to avoid is only half the battle. Finding suitable alternatives and adopting best practices for skincare are essential for managing psoriasis effectively.
Gentle Cleansers
Use mild, fragrance-free, hypoallergenic cleansers specifically designed for sensitive skin. Look for cleansers containing moisturizing ingredients like glycerin, ceramides, or hyaluronic acid.
Apply cleanser gently with your fingertips, avoiding harsh scrubbing. Rinse thoroughly with lukewarm water and pat skin dry with a soft towel.
Emollients and Moisturizers
Moisturizing is a cornerstone of psoriasis management. Emollients and moisturizers help to hydrate the skin, reduce dryness, and protect the skin barrier.
Apply a thick, fragrance-free moisturizer immediately after bathing or showering to lock in moisture. Choose moisturizers containing ingredients like petrolatum, lanolin, shea butter, or ceramides. Reapply moisturizer throughout the day as needed, especially to areas prone to dryness.
Topical Corticosteroids (as prescribed)
Topical corticosteroids are commonly prescribed to reduce inflammation and itching associated with psoriasis.
Use topical corticosteroids as directed by your doctor. Avoid prolonged use or overuse, as this can lead to side effects like skin thinning.
Calcineurin Inhibitors (as prescribed)
Calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, are non-steroidal topical medications that can help to reduce inflammation.
Calcineurin inhibitors are often used for psoriasis in sensitive areas like the face and skin folds. Use these medications as directed by your doctor.
Phototherapy (under medical supervision)
Phototherapy, or light therapy, involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet (UV) light to reduce inflammation and slow down skin cell growth.
Phototherapy should only be administered under the supervision of a dermatologist. Follow your doctor’s instructions carefully to minimize the risk of side effects.
Systemic Medications (as prescribed)
For more severe cases of psoriasis, systemic medications, such as methotrexate, cyclosporine, and biologics, may be prescribed.
Systemic medications can have significant side effects and require careful monitoring by a doctor. Discuss the risks and benefits of systemic medications with your doctor.
Lifestyle Modifications
Lifestyle changes can play a significant role in managing psoriasis.
Manage stress through relaxation techniques like yoga, meditation, or deep breathing exercises. Maintain a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise. Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption. Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water.
Seeking Professional Guidance
Managing psoriasis can be challenging, and it’s essential to seek professional guidance from a dermatologist. A dermatologist can accurately diagnose your type of psoriasis, recommend appropriate treatments, and help you develop a personalized management plan.
Schedule regular check-ups with your dermatologist to monitor your progress and adjust your treatment plan as needed.
Don’t hesitate to ask your doctor questions about your condition and treatment options. Be proactive in your care and advocate for your needs.
In conclusion, understanding what not to put on psoriasis is as important as knowing what treatments can help. By avoiding harsh soaps, fragrances, alcohol-based products, irritating medications, harsh exfoliants, and certain fabrics, you can minimize flare-ups and improve your overall skin health. Combining gentle skincare practices, appropriate treatments, and healthy lifestyle choices can help you effectively manage psoriasis and improve your quality of life. Always consult with a dermatologist for personalized advice and treatment recommendations.
What types of soap should I avoid if I have psoriasis?
Avoid using heavily fragranced soaps, antibacterial soaps, and those with harsh detergents. These soaps often contain ingredients like sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) or sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) which can strip the skin of its natural oils. This leads to dryness and irritation, potentially triggering or worsening psoriasis flare-ups.
Instead, opt for mild, fragrance-free, hypoallergenic soaps or cleansing lotions specifically designed for sensitive skin. Look for products labeled as “psoriasis-friendly” or those containing moisturizing ingredients like ceramides, shea butter, or colloidal oatmeal. These will cleanse your skin without causing undue irritation or dryness.
Are there any specific types of clothing I should avoid wearing if I have psoriasis?
You should avoid wearing clothing made from synthetic materials like polyester or nylon, especially when exercising or in hot weather. These fabrics don’t breathe well and can trap sweat against your skin, leading to irritation and potentially triggering psoriasis flare-ups. Tight-fitting clothing should also be avoided, as it can cause friction and further aggravate affected areas.
Choose loose-fitting, breathable clothing made from natural fibers like cotton, linen, or silk. These fabrics allow air to circulate, keeping your skin cool and dry. When exercising, opt for moisture-wicking fabrics that draw sweat away from your skin. Washing new clothes before wearing them can also help remove any irritating dyes or chemicals.
Why is it important to avoid harsh exfoliants when you have psoriasis?
Harsh exfoliants, such as abrasive scrubs, loofahs, or chemical peels containing high concentrations of acids, can severely irritate and damage the skin’s delicate barrier. Psoriasis already compromises the skin barrier, making it more susceptible to inflammation and irritation. Using harsh exfoliants can worsen existing plaques and potentially trigger new flare-ups.
Instead of harsh exfoliation, focus on gentle cleansing and moisturizing. If you feel the need to exfoliate, use a very soft washcloth and lukewarm water. Consider consulting with a dermatologist for guidance on safe and effective ways to manage skin cell buildup without causing further irritation.
Should I avoid alcohol-based products on my psoriasis?
Yes, alcohol-based products, such as hand sanitizers, toners, and some skincare lotions, should be avoided. Alcohol is a drying agent that can strip the skin of its natural oils. For people with psoriasis, whose skin is already dry and prone to irritation, this can exacerbate the condition, leading to increased itching, redness, and inflammation.
Opt for alcohol-free alternatives whenever possible. When using hand sanitizer, choose a moisturizing formula. For skincare, look for products specifically designed for sensitive or dry skin, and avoid those containing alcohol, astringents, or harsh chemicals. Always moisturize immediately after washing your hands or showering to replenish lost moisture.
Are there any household cleaning products I should avoid when I have psoriasis?
Avoid using harsh cleaning products that contain strong chemicals, fragrances, and dyes. Many common household cleaners, like bleach, ammonia-based cleaners, and heavily fragranced detergents, can irritate sensitive skin and trigger psoriasis flare-ups. Direct contact with these chemicals can cause burning, itching, and inflammation.
Wear gloves when cleaning to protect your skin from direct contact with cleaning products. Consider switching to gentler, fragrance-free, and dye-free cleaning alternatives. Look for products labeled as hypoallergenic or specifically designed for sensitive skin. You can also explore natural cleaning solutions like vinegar and baking soda for some cleaning tasks.
Can certain medications worsen psoriasis, and if so, which ones?
Yes, some medications can trigger or worsen psoriasis. These include beta-blockers (used for high blood pressure and heart conditions), lithium (used to treat bipolar disorder), certain NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen and naproxen), and antimalarial drugs. These medications can interfere with the immune system or other bodily functions, leading to psoriasis flare-ups in susceptible individuals.
It’s crucial to inform your doctor about your psoriasis before starting any new medication. If you suspect that a medication is worsening your psoriasis, discuss it with your doctor. They may be able to adjust your dosage or recommend an alternative medication that is less likely to trigger flare-ups. Never stop taking a prescribed medication without consulting your doctor first.
What type of jewelry should I avoid if I have psoriasis?
Avoid wearing jewelry made from nickel, especially if you have a known nickel allergy. Nickel is a common metal allergen, and contact with nickel-containing jewelry can cause allergic contact dermatitis, leading to itching, redness, and inflammation, which can mimic or exacerbate psoriasis symptoms. Constant rubbing from jewelry, regardless of material, can also irritate psoriasis plaques.
Opt for jewelry made from hypoallergenic materials like stainless steel, titanium, or gold. These metals are less likely to cause allergic reactions. Choose loose-fitting jewelry to minimize friction against the skin. If you experience any irritation or skin reaction from wearing jewelry, remove it immediately and consult with a dermatologist.