The world of superstitions is vast and varied, often attaching significance to seemingly random occurrences or physical traits. One such belief revolves around dogs with 20 nails – possessing dewclaws on both their front and hind legs. But is there any truth to the idea that these “20-nailed” dogs are particularly lucky? Let’s delve into the folklore, the genetics, and the realities of owning a dog with extra digits.
The Lore and Legend of Extra Toes
The notion of a 20-nailed dog being lucky is steeped in folklore, predominantly found in certain regions and cultures. The specific origins are difficult to pinpoint precisely, as these beliefs often spread through oral tradition rather than written documentation. However, the underlying sentiment is often tied to the concept of completeness, abundance, or a connection to the spiritual realm.
In some cultures, extra toes, fingers, or nails are seen as a sign of good fortune. This perspective likely stems from the idea that having more than the standard number represents an excess of something positive, whether it’s strength, resilience, or simply good luck. Dogs, being loyal companions and often considered members of the family, naturally become subject to such beliefs.
The idea of luck associated with physical anomalies is not limited to dogs. In various cultures, specific birthmarks, unusual hair patterns, or other unique physical traits are also believed to be harbingers of good fortune or even special abilities. The dog, with its close bond to humans and its diverse range of breeds and physical variations, easily fits into this framework of superstitious beliefs.
Dewclaws: Understanding the Genetics Behind Extra Nails
To understand why some dogs have 20 nails, we need to examine the genetics of dewclaws. Dewclaws are essentially vestigial digits, meaning they are remnants of toes that had a more significant function in the dog’s evolutionary past.
The Role of Genes in Dewclaw Development
The presence or absence of dewclaws is determined by a complex interplay of genes. While the exact genetic mechanisms are still being researched, it’s understood that certain genes control the development of limb structure, including the number of digits. Some breeds are genetically predisposed to having dewclaws on both their front and hind legs, while others typically only have them on the front legs, or none at all.
Breeds like the Great Pyrenees, Briard, and Icelandic Sheepdog are known for often having double dewclaws on their hind legs. This is a breed standard, meaning that dogs of these breeds are expected to have these extra digits. In these breeds, the dewclaws often have a bone structure and are more firmly attached to the leg.
In other breeds, dewclaws on the hind legs may be considered a genetic anomaly. These dewclaws are often less developed and attached only by skin. This difference in attachment is important when considering the risk of injury to the dewclaw.
The Evolutionary Perspective
From an evolutionary perspective, dewclaws likely served a purpose for early canids. They may have provided additional traction on uneven terrain or aided in gripping prey. Over time, as dogs were domesticated and bred for different purposes, the need for these extra digits diminished, leading to their reduction in size and functionality.
However, in some breeds, the dewclaws continue to serve a purpose. For example, in breeds like the Great Pyrenees, which were traditionally used to guard livestock, the dewclaws may have helped them navigate snowy or mountainous terrain and maintain their footing.
The Practical Implications of Owning a Dog with 20 Nails
Beyond the realm of luck and folklore, owning a dog with dewclaws, especially hind dewclaws, comes with practical considerations related to care and potential health concerns.
Potential Injuries and Care
Because hind dewclaws are often less firmly attached, they are more susceptible to injury. They can be easily caught on objects, leading to tears, breaks, or infections. Regular trimming of the dewclaws is essential to prevent them from overgrowing and becoming snagged. Owners should also regularly inspect the dewclaws for any signs of injury or infection, such as redness, swelling, or discharge.
If a dewclaw is severely injured, veterinary attention may be required. In some cases, the dewclaw may need to be surgically removed to prevent further complications.
Should Dewclaws Be Removed?
The question of whether to remove dewclaws is a subject of ongoing debate among veterinarians and dog owners. Some argue that removing dewclaws, especially hind dewclaws, is a preventative measure that can reduce the risk of injury. Others argue that dewclaws serve a purpose, providing traction and stability, and should only be removed if they are causing problems.
The decision of whether to remove dewclaws should be made on a case-by-case basis, in consultation with a veterinarian. Factors to consider include the dog’s breed, age, activity level, and the likelihood of injury. In breeds where dewclaws are part of the breed standard and are firmly attached, removal is generally not recommended unless there is a medical reason.
The Importance of Regular Grooming
Regardless of whether a dog has dewclaws on their front and hind legs, regular grooming is essential for maintaining their overall health and well-being. This includes regular nail trims, which should include the dewclaws. Regular inspection of the paws and dewclaws can help detect any potential problems early on.
Debunking the Myth: Luck vs. Reality
While the idea of a 20-nailed dog bringing good luck is an appealing notion, it’s essential to separate folklore from reality. There is no scientific evidence to support the claim that dogs with extra digits are inherently luckier than other dogs.
The presence of dewclaws is simply a genetic variation that occurs in some breeds. While it may be interesting to consider the cultural beliefs surrounding these dogs, it’s more important to focus on providing them with proper care and attention.
The “luck” associated with any dog comes from the bond you share with them, the joy they bring to your life, and the companionship they offer. A dog with 20 nails is no more likely to bring you good fortune than a dog with the standard number of digits. The real luck lies in the unconditional love and loyalty that all dogs offer their owners.
Ultimately, whether you believe in the superstition or not, owning a dog with dewclaws is a unique experience that comes with its own set of considerations. Focus on providing your dog with the best possible care, and you’ll be sure to have a lucky and fulfilling relationship, regardless of how many nails they have.
Is it true that a dog with 20 nails is considered lucky in some cultures?
Yes, the belief that a dog with 20 nails, rather than the standard 18 (5 on each front paw and 4 on each back paw), is lucky stems from various cultural superstitions. These extra nails, often referred to as dewclaws on the hind legs, were historically seen as signs of good fortune, strength, and even the ability to bring wealth or prosperity to the owner. The origin of this belief is rooted in folklore and traditional practices in certain regions of the world.
While the concept of luck is subjective and not scientifically based, the presence of extra nails has been associated with specific breeds and genetic traits. In some cultures, these extra nails were deliberately encouraged through selective breeding as a symbol of prestige or as a way to distinguish certain working dogs. Whether you believe in the luck aspect or not, a dog with 20 nails certainly has a unique characteristic that sets them apart.
What causes a dog to have 20 nails instead of 18?
The presence of 20 nails, meaning an extra set of dewclaws on the hind legs, is primarily a genetic trait. It’s usually an inherited characteristic passed down from parents to their offspring. Certain breeds are more prone to having these extra dewclaws than others. The genetic mechanisms controlling the development of digits and nail formation during embryonic development determine whether a dog will have the standard number of nails or additional ones.
While genetic inheritance is the main factor, it’s important to note that environmental factors during gestation are rarely, if ever, implicated in the development of extra dewclaws. The development of these extra digits is typically determined early in the dog’s development. It’s simply part of their genetic makeup and a variation that can occur naturally within the canine population, particularly in certain breeds.
Are dewclaws on the hind legs of dogs always considered “extra”?
Not necessarily. Dewclaws on the front legs are quite common and serve a functional purpose in many breeds, providing extra traction and stability, especially when running or navigating uneven terrain. However, dewclaws on the hind legs are considered “extra” in many breeds because they are not as functionally advantageous and are often less firmly attached. In some breeds, though, such as the Great Pyrenees, hind dewclaws (sometimes even double dewclaws) are a breed standard.
The functionality of hind dewclaws can vary. In some cases, they are just dangling appendages with bone and a nail, but in other instances, they are more firmly attached and may have some slight involvement in movement. It’s important to understand that the term “extra” is relative and depends on the breed and the function the dewclaws serve, if any. Breed standards often dictate whether these extra nails are desirable or not.
Do all breeds of dogs have the same likelihood of having 20 nails?
No, the likelihood of a dog having 20 nails varies significantly among different breeds. Some breeds, like the Great Pyrenees, Briard, and Beauceron, are known for frequently having double dewclaws on their hind legs, which means they commonly have 22 nails in total! Other breeds rarely exhibit this trait, making it a relatively uncommon occurrence. Breed standards often specify whether or not dewclaws are desirable or acceptable.
The presence of extra dewclaws is largely determined by genetics and selective breeding practices within specific breeds. Breeders who prioritize certain traits, including the presence of dewclaws, can increase the prevalence of this characteristic within their lines. Conversely, breeders who do not prioritize dewclaws may selectively breed against them, resulting in a lower incidence of extra nails in their breed.
Are there any health concerns associated with dogs having 20 nails?
In most cases, the presence of 20 nails does not pose any significant health concerns for dogs. The extra dewclaws themselves are generally harmless. However, if the dewclaws are loosely attached or prone to injury, such as getting caught on objects, they can become a source of pain, infection, or irritation. In such cases, veterinary intervention might be necessary.
It’s important to regularly check the dog’s nails, including the dewclaws, for any signs of damage or overgrowth. Keeping the nails properly trimmed can help prevent injuries and maintain good paw hygiene. If you notice any swelling, redness, discharge, or excessive licking around the dewclaws, consult with your veterinarian to rule out any underlying issues.
Should I have my dog’s dewclaws removed if they have 20 nails?
The decision to remove dewclaws, whether they are on the front or hind legs, is a complex one that should be made in consultation with your veterinarian. There is no one-size-fits-all answer. Historically, dewclaw removal was a common practice, particularly in working dogs, to prevent injuries. However, more recent research suggests that front dewclaws may play a role in joint stability and movement, making removal potentially detrimental.
If the dewclaws are firmly attached, healthy, and not prone to injury, removal is generally not necessary. However, if the dewclaws are loose, prone to trauma, or causing recurring problems, your veterinarian may recommend removal. The procedure is typically performed during puppyhood, often at the same time as spaying or neutering. Weigh the potential benefits and risks carefully with your vet’s guidance before making a decision.
Does having 20 nails affect a dog’s ability to compete in dog shows or other events?
The impact of having 20 nails on a dog’s ability to compete in dog shows or other events depends entirely on the breed standard for the specific breed and the rules of the particular event. Some breed standards explicitly require or allow for the presence of dewclaws, especially on the hind legs, while others consider them a fault. Therefore, a dog with 20 nails might be perfectly acceptable in one breed’s show ring, but penalized in another.
Before entering your dog in any competition, it is crucial to thoroughly research the breed standard and event rules. If the standard specifies the presence or absence of dewclaws, failure to meet that requirement could affect the dog’s placement. Contacting the breed club or event organizers can provide clarification on specific regulations and ensure that your dog meets all the necessary criteria for participation.